Bachelor of Education

Maslow has classified the human needs in five categories and arranges these categories of needs in a hierarchical order. When lower needs are satisfied, the individual attempts to satisfy the higher needs. An organism remains in tension if needs are not satisfied. The organism makes efforts to release his tension. Thus, ‘need’ is a factor of motivation- Every behaviour of an organism is rooted by his need. The psychological force which encourages individual to emit a specific behaviour is known as need. There are two types of needs: 1. Physiological needs, and 2. Mental or psychological needs. The nature of motivation is psycho-physical and this physiological needs are satisfied, the behaviour change is known as satisfaction, but psychological needs plays an important role in determining the behaviour, because such needs are never satisfied. Most of the human behaviour is controlled and determined by the psychological needs. Murry’s Need Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory of Motiv...

Memory can make learning difficult, but the good news is that you can work to improve your memory. There are three main types of memory: working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.  Working memory and short-term memory allow you to store and use temporary information, while long-term holds your lifelong memories. You can improve your memory (and thus your learning skills) by talking aloud, writing down notes and lists, and focusing on the present moment. Also, you should prioritize exercising your mind and body: play mind games, go to the gym, and eat well to further improve your memory. Let us know about three different types of memory: There are three types of memory that are important to learning and they are your working memory, short-term memory, and your long-term memory. types of memory in psychology with examples Each type of memory is used to store different types of information: 1. Sensory memory: The process of memorization starts with the stimulation of the...

 1. Voluntary Attention: The intentional attempt of the individual to attend to something in the environment comes under voluntary attention. S student attempts to write some assignment automatically pays attention to rrlated material. 2. Involuntary Attention : Sometimes people pay attention to certain things in the environment unintentionally may be due to the intensity of the stimulus. Span of Attention : The extent to which can attend to event in the given time. Division:  This is seen in competitions particularly in the literary contests. The number of items that one can attend depends on the division of attention. Some attend more than one aspect of the object. What is Attention? According to John Ratey (2001), attention is more than just noticing incoming stimuli. It involves a number of processes including filtering out perceptions, balancing multiple perceptions and attaching emotional significance to these perceptions. There are two major forms of attention: passive ...

 These can be classified into physical factors and psychological factors. factors influencing learning process A. Personal factors: 1. Age: In order to have effective learning physical maturity is essential. Learning cannot take place to the maximum extent if the individual age does not suit to the learning task. For example running can be taught after the legs are grown and become strong. 2. Maturation: For productive learning, maturation is essential. That is the individual has to be matured enough to master the learning tasks. Complex activities cannot be taught to children or feeble minded individuals. In the laws of learning, Thorndike proposed the law of readiness that maturity of the individual. 3.Fatigue: It is not possible to teach new tasks to the mind. A boy cannot be forced to solve more mathematical problems when he is tired mentally that is in a state of fatigue. Fatigue is of two types, physical and psychological. Rest is needed to overcome physical fatigue where as ...

Stages of learning  Stimulus and motivation Goal Comprehending the situation Response Reinforcement Integration stages of learning process stages of teaching learning process stages of learning in special education However, the following are the six general stages drawn from these theories. Stimulus and motivation:  Stimulus and motivation initiate the response behaviour (the lamp attracting the baby). Goal: This is the second stage in learning process. The learner forms the goal depending on the stimulus (the goal of the baby is to reach the lamp and play with it). Comprehending the situation: The learner does not respond to the stimulus immediately. The learner should assess the distance between itself and the lamp and think how to reach it. The baby is ready to respond (the baby attempts to crawl the distance to the lamp. Further if there is any hurdle between itself and the lamp he has to overcome the hurdle). Response: After readiness as described in the third stage, the ...

Transfer of learning  Learning of any task or skill influenced by earlier learning or past experience. When learning of one skill influences learning of other similar skills, it is called transfer of learning. Transfer is an important aspect of liad it makes the classroom teaching process more effective. Different psychologists have defined transfer in different ways. Definitions:  " The carry over of habits, thinking, feeling, or working of knowledge or of skills, from one learning arra to another is usually referred to as the transfer of training." - Crow and Crow " The transfer of knowledge, training and habits acquired in one situation to another".- Sorenson "Transfer of learning occurs when a person's learning in one situation influences his learning and performances in other situations."- Bigge opines types of transfer of learning types of transfer of learning with examples b.ed transfer of learning b.ed notes Types of Transfer:  Learning situati...